Tuesday 22 December 2020

Volumetric flask + fence post = table lamp

Another lighting post.  I scavenged some glass wear from a chemistry lab that I thought might be good for projects.  For this one I used a 500ml spherical flask.  I made this as a Christmas gift for someone else, but I really like it so I might have to build another one that's similar.

I had a socket and power cord with dimmer
I still had some of the old termite ridden fence post that I used for the base of my standing lamp, underneath the exterior is beautiful dense red hardwood, so I cut all the components out of it



It was actually really hard to find an Edison globe that would fit, but eventually I got some 128mm globes.  Doesn't have an intricate a filament shape as I would have liked, but nothing this size seems to.
Finished with boiled linseed oil




Pretty happy with how it turned out, although the linseed oil made the wood a bit darker than I would have liked :/

Also wanted to put a nice braided cord on it, but couldn't get a dedicated dimmer switch in time due to covid shipping delays, so had to go with this crappier cord.  Oh well.













Monday 24 August 2020

Standing Pipe Lamp

Another post that isn't really on theme, but I've been renovating an apartment so my building time has been going into more practical things.  I've been looking for a floor lamp for my living room for a long time.  I haven't been sitting and reading at night because I only have the bright ceiling light.  But I can't find anything nice.  My sister, who is an experienced designer and renovator tells me that "lighting in Australia is a wasteland", perhaps she is right!

Anyhow, it seemed easier to build something, so I whipped this up over the weekend.  I had to order the brass pull chain light socket online (can't find these anywhere locally), and it was only a few dollars from china.  And the critical piece is the thread adapter that goes from a 1/2 NPT, to 1/8 NPT, I think I got this from RS components, they have pretty much every kind of fluid and gas fitting you can think of (almost), either that or I found it on ebay.  I had that piece sitting around from the last lamp I made so I don't recall. The rest is copper plumping from the hardware store, and an old hardwood fence post that was sitting around.  The pictures pretty much speak for themselves:

Laying out the copper pipe and fittings on the ground.

The old hardwood fence post.  It was from an old termite riddled fence, this part is still in good condition, with a very weathered surface.  Actually the wood underneath is a beautiful red coloured dense hardwood, but I decided to keep the rustic look.  maybe I'll tidy it up at a later date.


A simple base, not the prettiest, but functional, and I kind of like it.  1/2 inch hole in the top for the copper pipe, and a smaller hole that goes deeper and then runs out the side for the cable.

Initial assembly.  The pipe fits tightly enough into the base that nothing extra is required to secure it.  At this point there is no way I can pull that cable further through the pipe, too much friction, so I better get it right when I cut the end to length.

Thankfully I didn't stuff it up.

And that's it, lamp done!  It's hard to capture the colour and shade of light on a camera phone, it just doesn't convey it.  These were the best photos I was able to get.

Really happy with how this turned out.  I don't think it matches my decor that well, but it's better than anything I could have bought for the price.  Probably cost about $70 AUD in parts, so not bad.  Would have been half that if I'd just had it as a straight pole without the S-bend in the pipe, which added a lot of copper fittings.  I put that in to make it look more interesting, and make more of a feature out of the pull chain, and functionally it is good because I can sit in the chair and easily reach up and reach the chain.  Also, I may add a shade to it later, and the kink allows it to have a shade but still sit close to the wall.

Any thoughts or questions, post them below.  And if any of my real life friends want to build something like this, let me know!  Pipe lighting fixtures have become popular, but buying ready made ones is expensive.  Luckily, they could hardly be easier to make yourself :)







Saturday 7 September 2019

Edison Globe Lamp

This project is a little off theme for the blog, since it's not a reproduction of some by gone piece of technology, but it still has a retro flavour so I thought I would do a post about it :)

I was recently house sitting for someone and they had a lamp in their living room with one of those big Edison globes that have become so popular these days. If you're not familiar with them they are incandescent bulbs with very long filaments that glow dimly, and they are generally much large than a normal bulb (though you can get small ones too). The lamp in question had a bulb like this, which is about 10 cm in diameter.

I really like these types of bulbs, they are very attractive to look at and cast a nice warm glow. Actually that's something I have realised I like very much, dim warm yellow/orange/red light. Perhaps that is a nostalgic thing to some extent, back in the day bulbs were generally dimmer, and cast a yellow light. In the last few decades bulbs have become whiter and brighter. I've always hated this, it makes a space less relaxing and more like a hospital. I don't think I'm alone in that sentiment, hence the rise in popularity of these types of bulbs.

I very much enjoyed sitting in the living room under the warm glow of this lamp and decided I needed something similar in my own home. Especially since I've been wanting to get back into reading, but lack of a bedroom lamp has kept me from doing so.

I hate buying new things, so I started browsing online for something second hand and retro (this very nearly led to me buying a lava lamp!), and at one point I ended up on Etsy where I saw a bunch of awesome looking lamps which were Edison globes upwards facing with the socket mounted to a wooden base, under a glass dome. I won’t post pictures because I don’t have permission. They were all quite expensive, but I wanted one, so I decided to build one. So there is really nothing original or unique about this project, I’m essentially just copying something that many others have done. But I thought I would document it all the same.

First I had to find a large glass dome (also known as a cloche). Luckily, they sell one with wooden base for about $15 at Ikea. And after comparing the photos and dimensions, I’m pretty sure a bunch of those $100 - 200 dollar lamps on Etsy were using the exact same dome. It doesn’t usually have that hole in the middle, I drilled that for the wires.

















Got an Edison globe from the hardware store, I really like this shape of this one.





















And a power cord with an inline switch.






















Next I needed a socket, they are easy to find, lots of places sell them. I bought this one. It’s in a “red copper” finish, which I didn’t actually realise when I bought it - I didn’t read the description properly and it looked more yellow in the photo. I actually don’t think I see the colour red as brightly as other people (colour blind) so I wonder how red this actually is, it’s only subtle to my eyes, but still I had expected something different. Oh well, it’s still fine. The knob on the side turns the bulb on or off with a turn.

Now came the tricky part. How to mount this to the base? These sockets have a threaded hole on the back that is designed to be screwed onto a threaded pipe. Typically, at least in all the listed sockets that actually specified this, it’s a 1/8 IPS thread. IPS being Iron Pipe Size. This is an older standard that is still used for some things, and is the same as NPS (National Pipe Straight) which is the parallel equivalent of the more common NPT (National Pipe Tapered). Anyhow, a lot of older style light fittings are designed for this pipe standard. And it seems to be particularly common for lamps. I believe it’s a throwback to when lights were fed by gas, but also worked fine as a conduit for electrical wires when that technology emerged. I could be wrong on some of that, it’s the impression I got as I tried to find appropriate parts and figure out what thread I needed.  Pipe historians feel free to correct me.

What I wanted was some threaded pipe that I could attach to the back of the socket, some kind of flange or mounting plate with a hole in the middle, then I could just drill a hole in the wooden base and secure it from underneath with nut. The ones I’d seen that I liked the look of had clearly used this approach and used a vase cap as the base plate. A vase cap is what goes on top of an old style vase lamp from which the pipe extends up to the bulb socket. Outside of the US these parts are NOT easy to find (at least not in any decent kind of range), and these days postage from the US to Australia is ridiculously expensive. If you’re after this kind of stuff check out https://www.grandbrass.com, they have a huge range of bits and pieces, and depending on where you live the postage may not be too expensive, but I wasn’t willing to pay 30 USD to ship a few bits that weigh about 20 grams.

I did eventually find some threaded pipe, just a small section (on the left), in a hardware that specialises in more old fashioned kind of fittings. Unhelpfully labelled as 3/8 thread, it was 1/8 IPS. I knew it wasn’t going to be long enough, but I bought it anyway, along with another piece that was metric 10mm (M10) thread, just in case. When my socket finally arrived in the mail, it was actually M10 and not 1/8 IPS after all. This was actually good news, because I could get some longer M10 pipe from a local lighting place that sells some more obscure items (on the right).

I still didn’t have a base to attach the socket to the wood. I could mount it directly of course, but it wouldn’t look very good. You would think that finding a brass flange of some sort wouldn’t be difficult. Something for the base of a tap, or a draw handle, or curtain rod, or SOMETHING would be about the right size. Nope. I really couldn’t find anything appropriate. Some ceiling roses for hanging lights would probably work, but it’s amazingly hard to find one of appropriate size and style.

I happened to be picking through a commercial chemistry lab that was closing down and getting rid of all their stuff and I found this bit of pipe with a flange on the bottom (along with a bunch of other stuff for future projects!). The hole in the middle was too large, but I figured I might be able to stick something in the middle, and I hadn’t found anything better.















Also from the lighting store I got these long nuts that are made for joining multiple threaded pipes together. Just so happens that the nuts are just a fraction too large to fit in the centre of the pipe, so I cut the pipe down, cut one of the nuts in half,

















then filed down the corners just enough so that it would fit tightly in the pipe. Perfect!





















Now I had everything I needed. I drilled a hole through the centre, of the wooden base, another hole through the side,




















and drilled out a space underneath.






















Putting it together to figure out how much of the threaded pipe I need to cut off.












































With the pipe cut down it was just a matter of assembly. Thread the power cable through everything and attach the wires to the socket. This socket uses terminals where you just push the wires into some holes and the spring loaded terminals clamp down on them. To remove them you need to lever the terminals off the wires with a small screwdriver. I hadn't seen this type of terminal on a socket before but it works well.






And that's it, with a nut securing the whole thing from underneath, it's quite sturdy.





















Screw in the bulb






















Put on the dome






















Turn it on























Looks good!























Ahh, that comforting warm glow :)

Well that’s it. A short and simple project but I’m really happy with the result!

What could be better? Well I realised once I put this in my room, that I really want a dimmer switch. I should have foreseen that. It’s a good brightness for reading, but I’d like to be able to turn it down when I’m just relaxing. You can get sockets where the dial on the side of the socket functions as a dimmer instead of just an on/off switch, they just tend to look a bit more chunky as they need to house a potentiometer, and so aesthetically that's a compromise. But it’s an option. Alternatively I could replace the power switch on the cable with a dimmer switch - think you can get inline dimmer switches that also click into an off position, if not I could rely on the socket switch to cut power. I think I’ll actually build a second one with some parts from Grand Brass and incorporate a dimmer switch. I’m also not a fan of the power cord, it doesn’t match the rest of the lamp. I bought some nice red twisted cloth cord which will look much nicer.  Lastly I'm not sure this is really the best way to construct it, when unscrewing the lighbulb often the whole thing rotates because it's just one column clamped by nuts on each side of the wood.  Very difficult to tighten it so much that it can't move at all.  Perhaps I need some washers in there, but I think what would be better would be if there were a couple of small holes in the flange and it was screwed to the wood base - but it's really not a big deal.

Post any questions or comments you might have below. Cheers!

Friday 16 August 2019

Paradise Arcade - Part 4: The final touches

All this time I wasn't sure what I wanted to do for artwork.  I had originally planned to print off some artwork from a real cab, but as the project went on I felt like I wanted this to be more my own custom creation, in every respect.  Again, this project is about nostalgia.  When I was a child we used to go for beach holidays at a place called Currumbin, which is on the Gold Coast in Queensland, just south of Surfer's Paradise.  This was and still is a beautiful place, though development is slowly making it less quaint.  We used to get a house right on the the beach and walk down the shops for ice cream and there were a few arcade machines around.  These are some of the happiest memories I have, so I wanted a theme that embodied that feeling.  So I decided to call the cab "Paradise Arcade" and went with this sunset theme.  In some ways, this embodies not just that specific memory, but how I feel about the 80s in general.

This is what I came up with, which I put together in inkscape.  I was really happy with the end result.  It took me a while, especially since I drew it all using my laptop trackpad (argh!), but I'm glad I put the time in.  I sent hi res versions off to a guy who builds arcade machines and prints artwork for people who I found on the Aussie Arcade forums.  Originally I was just going to do the marquee, and cover the control panel with textured black vinyl, but again, when you come this far, you want to go that extra mile, so I did control panel artwork as well.

The marquee:

The control panel:

While I waited for that to arrive, I had to figure out what to do about a bezel.  I mentioned in an earlier post that there were some details I hadn't full figured out when I made the plans for this cab, some of that was no problem, but some of it was.  And the major problem was that I hadn't fully decided on what monitor I was going to use when I started building, and I didn't yet have a solution for a bezel and glass/perspex.  These were things I figured I could sort out later.  The problem is, I didn't mount the monitor deep enough into the cab, and that didn't leave me with much space to work with.  One reason this happened is that it's not easy to measure the dimensions of a CRT tube, especially a large one, because it has a curved front.  I underestimated the depth of it a bit.  leaving very little space between the front of the tube and where the glass would go.  Also, because I used such a large monitor in a narrow cab, there was very little space between the edges of the monitor and the sides of the cab.  This second issue is what meant it would be impossible to find an actual arcade CRT monitor bezel that fit.  Actually finding bezels in general is very difficult.  They were thin plastic that got damaged easily, and of course no one makes them any more.  I actually have three that I've picked up from various places, but none of them fit.

So my solution was to make a bezel.  I knew it was possible, I'd seen others do it.  I started by just taking a few measurements, cutting one out of cardboard and slotting it in.  Wow, to my amazement it actually looked decent!






















As good as this looked at a glance, it wasn't a proper solution.  The cardboard was too thin and flimsy, and it looked like cardboard.  But it demonstrated that it was definitely doable.

Meanwhile the artwork arrived.  I installed the marquee, which is adhered to one piece of acrylic with another piece on top.  Real marquees were often painted onto the back of perspex, so this mimics the look.  It's held in place with some aluminium angle that is painted in satin black and screwed into the cab.  Very happy with how it looks.

























Next came the control panel artwork.  This was tricky to apply, but I totally nailed it, lined up perfectly with all the buttons and no bubbles underneath.



















Looks great with the buttons installed!



















There it is, artwork installed!  The cab is now very close to being complete cosmetically!  You can also see in some of these photos that I have installed the speaker grills.  I couldn't find perforated metal sheet, so I bought some speaker grills for big sub woofers, cut squares out of the middle, bent the edges so they had a bit of a bevel around the perimeter, spray painted them black, and screwed them into place.

























With that done, I returned to the bezel.  One difficulty here was getting measurements.  I was going to stick with my idea of cutting the bezel out of cardboard, but transcribing the curve of the monitor perfectly onto anything, was not easy.  3D modelling came in handy here.  I figured out where I wanted the outer edge of the bezel to sit, basically a rectangle that rests against the inside edges of the cab, leaving a few millimetres for a piece of glass to sit in front.  Then I measured the straight line distance between a few points along those lines to a few points on the tube, around the display area - basically where the bezel would actually frame the screen.  With that plus a little trigonometry, I was able to put in the basic coordinates of the bezel into my SketchUp model.  Then, I could use a best fit curve to connect all the points, which I assumed would be a close enough approximation of the curve of the tube.




















Now it was much easier to take measurements from this, and make the pieces of the bezel.  In general it can be a really useful approach to make a 3D model of something, and then take measurements from that.  As long as you have some dimensions, the computer can calculate the rest, and then you can easily measure any dimensions you want virtually.  I use this approach a lot when I need to fabricate something with complex dimensions.

I built the bezel out of the same cardboard, then put it in place to see if it fit.  Then I reinforced the structure with poster board, and then covered the surface with a textured black adhesive vinyl from DC-fix.  This vinyl is amazing, it'll stick to anything, and it's thick and textured like plastic.





















The end result looked just like a moulded plastic bezel.  I was very happy with this.



















I put it in place with some pins going through the structure at the back and securing it to the inside of the cab.  But it was a pretty snug fit anyway.  Then I put the perspex in.  This was where my lack of planning really bit me in the arse.  There was just no easy way to mount this, I simply didn't have the room to mount brackets or anything.  At least not at the top.  Down the bottom I did, there's plenty of room behind the control panel, but up the top the speaker boxes protrude into the same plane where the perspex would go, so I had to screw the top of the perspex into the back edge of the speaker panel.  This was really difficult, because the monitor obstructs access to this part, and so I can't easily remove and replace this, and it's only secured at the top and bottom  with nothing at the sides.  It simply rests on the bezel along the sides, which is sandwiched tight between it and the monitor.  I'm not happy about this.  There was nothing else I could do, at this point, but it should have been better planned.  It should be easy to install and remove and it should be very secure.  But it is what it is.  Next time I will know better.  Also it was now that I realised I had messed up when I originally cut out my side panels.  But in general, cosmetically it looks fine!  But the perspex is more fragile than it would be on a real arcade machine, and that bothers me, because the rest of this thing is bullet proof.  Also, I didn't use acrylic, I used clear PVC, because it could get it off the shelf at the hardware store, where as buying good quality acrylic off the shelf is pretty much impossible.  The PVC is not good, it has poor visual clarity.  There are faint vertical lines in it that bend the light.  Mostly you can't notice it, but sometimes you can.  It's also softer than acrylic, so the sheet is less rigid.  I will replace this with good acrylic one day.

























That said, the cab was now cosmetically complete.  And I have to say, I am impressed with what I was able to accomplish.  I never fully expected to create something that looked this good, and this authentic, and I never get tired of seeing it there sitting in my living room - though actually I have now moved interstate and it's sitting in storage :(



























The cab sat like this for some time before I got round to making it functional.  First I wanted some convenient interfaces on the back.  So I made this panel with an Ethernet port, a USB port, a headphone port and an AUX port.  The main point of the Ethernet port and the USB port are to allow me to connect to the computer inside remotely to configure the software, and to easily add files.  This is much better than trying to operate a computer with a low res arcade monitor.  The headphones port allows it to be played late at night or in some other context where one doesn't want to disturb others but still wants sound.  The AUX port allows you to hook up some external sound source, and when you do it overrides the audio being fed to the speakers.  With everything being on smart phones these days, it removes the need for an additional sound system in the living room.

























Below the panel I installed a normal arcade button, which is wired up to the PC as a power button.  So just reach back here when you want to turn it on.

























I also installed a button on the top, out of site.  This is the "shift" button.  When pressed, it changes the function of the controls to alternative functions in Mame.  For example, hold the shift button and press up and down on the stick to change the volume, or press a button to exit game, or add credits.  This is a nice function than the IPAC keyboard encoder has, and removes the need for extra buttons on the control panel that would make the machine look less authentic.

























Here is the PC sitting inside the machine.  I didn't see any need to de-case it.  Much easier to leave in in it's case so that the whole thing can be removed if necessary for upgrades, repairs, etc.  The PC is plugged into a slave/master power board.  The way these power boards work is when the item plugged into the "master" port is turned on, it activates power to all the "slave" ports.  So when the PC is turned on via the button on the back of the cabinet, the power is also turned on to the monitor, the marquee light, and the amp.  When the PC is shut down, power is cut to all those things.  The cord to the power board is cut off and wired into a junction box, and from that box a power cord goes out the back of the cab.  I basically did that because I wanted a black cord, and could only find a white power board.  I did put a plastic bushing around where the power cord exits the cab so that it looked like a power power cord, not just an extension lead coming out of a hole.



















I hooked the chassis up to the tube.  You can see that a wood panel separates the cavity behind them monitor from the cavity below where the PC and other components are.  This is for safety, and it gives a surface to mount the chassis on.  I ordered the chassis from a guy here in Australia who can customise a chassis to turn just about any reasonably common TV tube into an arcade monitor.  To say that this guy is a valuable member of the local arcade enthusiast community is an understatement.  He makes the acquisition and repair of arcade monitors very easy.  I wish I had his knowledge and skills.  I won't give out his details because he only serves Australian customers and doesn't want to be bombarded with international requests.  The computer has an ArcadeVGA card from Ultimarc that allows the computer to spit out arcade video modes.  Paired with GrooveyMame, you get arcade perfect graphics in the vast majority of games.  To say that it looks incredible is an understatement.

You can also see here the handles installed.  Many arcade parts shops sell these, the cavity has a gap above for your fingers, and a grill below to serve as a vent.

























This panel lifts completely out as you can see in the above images, and locks in place with a key.  Again, important for safety to keep this locked up.

























The perfect keyring, bought at Funspot with redemption tickets :)

























The first iteration of the GUI.  Nice and simple.  I used MALA as a front end.  It's no longer in development, but it's good for low res setups.  I'm running the front end at 320x240.

























Ready to play, with a couple of old lab stools they were giving away at the university when they were renovating the old teaching labs.

























Ahh, the glow of those buttons makes me so happy.  I didn't use incandescents, I used red led bulbs that fit in the same sockets.  It might not have quite the glow of incandescent bulbs, but it's close enough.  They are wired into the PC's power supply.

























The very last thing I did was install the marquee light.  There's not a lot of space behind the marquee thanks to my speaker boxes, but I just put a piece of black poster board in there and stuck a single strip of warm white 3528 smd leds to it.  It plugs directly via an adaptor into the power board and has a dimmer switch on the cord.  You can also see here I have updated the GUI.  It now displays the marquee of the game selected, along with a screenshot.  Anything more than that would be too much on such a low resolution screen.

Also here you can see a yellow cup sitting on top of the cab.  That cup is full of tokens.  I bought 250 assorted tokens off ebay, all the same size of course, but from different arcades and amusement parks, and I got coin mechanisms for the same size parts.  So yes, you do need to put coins in to add credits :)

I'm really happy I did this, it's actually really cool to look at the tokens and all the different old arcades.

























Ahhh, that nice glow.  Sometimes at night I just turn on the marquee light when I want some dim light in the room :)





















And that's it, the project is complete.  The only other work I did on it after this was to add a coin box, which I built out of plywood.  This was actually kind of interesting because I installed it and then realised you needed a lot of tokens in the box before it gave that nice sound "chink" sound of coins falling on other coins.  So I had to build sloped sides into it tapering to a narrow base so that the coins would begin to pile into each other after just a few had been added.

Overall, I'm extremely happy with it how this turned out.  It looks great, it looks authentic, it actually exceeded my expectations in every regard.  I think I learnt from this project that really I can build anything, all I need is time and diligence.  Even if it seems daunting, every project breaks down into a series of steps.  If you just do one step after the other, and do each one with care and attention to details, in the end you will have an amazing finished product.  This was actually a valuable lesson for life, as corny as that sounds.

So, what am I happy about:

- Looks authentic!  This really does look like the real thing, and I think it can easily pass as a genuine retro cab from the 80s or 90s.  That was really important to me.
- Fake wood grain looks awesome.  I would like to cover all the walls of my house with it.
- The CRT monitor is amazing!  The image looks so good, it feels me with such a sense of nostalgia to have that right in my face.
- The controls great, authentic MCA sticks, just how I remember
- Having actual tokens and coin mechs really completes the experience.  I recommend everyone do this with their cabs, you won't regret it.

What am I not so happy about:

- honestly, the monitor is a little TOO big.  It's so large, and so close to your face.  I think in hindsight a 25 inch monitor would have been the better choice.  When you are so close to such a large screen, the imagine quality suffers a little.  They just weren't designed to be viewed from so close.  The phosphors, and the gaps between scan lines, seem far more obvious.  But then, on other days, I am very happy with the decision.
- As mentioned further up the page, I'm not happy with the clear PVC over the screen.  It needs to be replaced with acrylic.  It just doesn't have enough clarity.  Mostly it's not noticeable, so I haven't bothered replacing it yet.  Part of that is probably because of how difficult it was to install, and will be to remove.  Which leads me to my next point.
- I should have planned the construction better.  Easy to say in hindsight, you obviously learn a lot when you build your first cab.  But the result is a bezel and perspex that is not easy to remove, and not as securely mounted as it should be.
- I mentioned in the previous post that I actually made an error when I cut out my side panels.  The distance between the control panel and the speaker panel should be a bit larger by a couple of centimetres.  It's a small thing, but the space in which the monitor sits should be a bit taller, and as a result the cab looks a little bit squished.  It's not something anyone else would likely think looking at it, but I spent a very long time adjusting the dimensions of the model so that it looked just right.  And even a centimetre here or there, wider, narrower, taller or shorter, makes a difference to my eye.  Just a careless error that I didn't even notice until I was making the bezel and trying to figure out why what I was doing on the computer wasn't matching what was happening in the real world.  This is why the bezel disappears down behind the control panel more than it should.
- Because the control panel areas is actually many different surfaces - the steel panel, the wood on either side, the wood that makes the curved front edge, the wood panel at the front - beneath the vinyl you can see and feel seems and joins.  I should have put more effort into making this a flawlessly smooth surface by adding filler and sanding it, or something.  You don't really notice it, but it's annoying.  Really having an entirely metal control panel bent into shape, would have been better, but my friend who made the steel panel for me said he couldn't do it.

These things are minor, but I am a perfectionist.  But my displeasure is dwarfed by my pleasure.  I dreamt about having a cab ever since I was a small child, and now I have one.  It's pretty special, and was worth every effort and expense I put into it.

All up this cost me about $2,500 AUD to build.  But a lot of that cost was extra materials I experimented with but didn't use, or paint jobs that I had to redo, or panels I cut, but then discarded because I changed my mind about something.  I learnt a lot when doing this project, and next time I would do it better and cheaper.  And there will be a next time, I have started designing another cab, which I will make a separate post about.

If you have any questions or comments, feel free to put them in the comments.  There are a lot of details I didn't cover in this blog, as such it doesn't serve as a very good guide for anyone looking to build their own.  But I'm happy to try and help anyone who is :)  Hope you enjoyed reading about my project!